Glossary

Short definitions of terms used in energy management and on electricity bills in Turkey.

Active energy: The energy that equipment converts into useful work. It is billed as consumption on the electricity bill and shown in kWh.
Allocation key: The rule that sets how common area consumption is divided among tenants: by floor area, measured consumption, equal shares or a mix of these.
Automatic meter reading system (OSOS): A system that collects consumption data from meters remotely and automatically.
Base load: The lowest continuous consumption that remains even when a site is idle.
Bilateral agreement: A contract in which a consumer buys energy from a supplier at freely negotiated prices and terms.
Common area: Spaces and systems in a building that belong to no single tenant and are shared by all: lobby, corridors, car park, lifts, central heating and cooling.
Cost center: The unit to which costs belong, such as a branch, department or tenant.
Data collector: A device that collects, stores and forwards data from meters or sensors.
Demand (peak power): The average power drawn over a given measurement interval.
Distribution company: The company that operates the distribution network in a region and is a source of meter data.
Eligible consumer (serbest tüketici): A consumer in Turkey who can choose a supplier and buy electricity under a bilateral agreement. A non-eligible consumer can buy only from the incumbent supplier in its region.
Energy baseline (EnB): The reference used as a point of comparison to track improvement in energy performance.
Energy management system (EnMS): The set of policies, objectives, processes and responsibilities an organisation puts in place to improve its energy performance systematically. ISO 50001 defines the framework.
Energy manager: A certificate holder appointed to carry out energy-management activities when the thresholds in Turkish regulation are met.
Energy performance indicator (EnPI): A metric used to measure energy performance. It can be a simple ratio, a model or a more complex calculation.
Kilovar-hour (kVArh): The unit used to measure reactive energy.
Kilowatt-hour (kWh): The unit used to measure and bill electrical energy.
Load profile: How consumption is distributed over time, usually a curve drawn from hourly or finer readings.
LoRaWAN: A wireless network standard designed for long-range, low-power data transmission.
Meter index (reading): The cumulative energy value a meter has recorded up to that moment. Consumption for a period is the difference between the last and first index.
Modbus: An industrial communication protocol widely used by devices such as meters, analysers and drives.
Multiplier (multiplication factor): The factor by which the index difference is multiplied at sites metered through current transformers (and, where used, voltage transformers).
Peak load: The period of highest consumption, or the highest load reached in it.
Power factor: The ratio of active power to apparent power. It falls as reactive energy rises.
Power factor correction (compensation): Using capacitors or reactors to balance the reactive energy drawn by inductive or capacitive loads.
Pulse output: Electrical pulses a meter emits in proportion to consumption.
Reactive energy: Energy exchanged with the grid by inductive or capacitive loads such as motors, transformers and capacitors, without being converted into work. Measured in kVArh.
Smart meter: An electronic meter that measures and records consumption and can send its data remotely.
Sub-meter: A meter behind the main meter that separately measures the consumption of a tenant, a floor or a piece of equipment.
Tariff: The definition of unit prices and conditions applied to energy and related charges.
Toe (tonne of oil equivalent): A unit used in Turkey to compare different forms of energy. The regulation abbreviates it as TEP.
Unique code (tekil kod): The code on a Turkish electricity bill that identifies the point of consumption.